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Urban–remote disparities in Taiwanese eighth-grade students' science performance in matter-related domains: Mixed-methods evidence from TIMSS 2019
This study investigates urban–remote disparities in the science performance of Taiwanese eighth-grade students, particularly in matter-related domains, using an explanatory–sequential mixed-methods design. For the quantitative phase, we applied differential item functioning (DIF) analysis with Mantel–Haenszel statistics and logistic regression to the TIMSS 2019 science assessment, while in the qualitative phase, we employed think-aloud interviews and the repertory grid technique (RGT) with 12 students (6 urban, 6 remote) to explore cognitive structures. The quantitative phase identified 26 items (12.3% of 211) disadvantaging remote students, with DIF most pronounced in constructed-response formats and matter-related domains: "Composition of Matter", "Physical States and Changes in Matter", and "Properties of Matter". The follow-up qualitative analyses revealed fragmented, associative cognitive structures in remote learners, marked by reliance on observable (macroscopic) properties rather than microscopic explanations, terminological confusion, microscopic gaps, and misconceptions, contrasting with urban students' hierarchical integration. Triangulation suggests that the observed disparities are linked to experiential constraints, potentially accounted for by hindered micro–macro connections. Our findings suggest that resource inequities may play a role in sustaining certain biases, indicating that targeted measures could help to make science education more inclusive. Based on these results, we tentatively outline possible educational interventions to improve equity in science education.
陳冠銘、任宗浩、商雅雯- 周一銘、劉孟婷
由TIMSS 2019電腦化測驗檢視臺灣學生表現之模式效應及數位落差現象
伴隨數位時代來臨,國際大型評量開始轉換紙筆測驗為電腦化測驗。在此過程中,臺灣學生的學科表現是否會受電腦化測驗影響?以及是否會因其背景特性差異呈現數位落差現象?本研究經由分析國際數學與科學教育成就趨勢調查(Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, TIMSS)2019及其橋接研究資料,檢視臺灣八年級學生數學與科學成就表現是否因紙筆測驗轉換為電腦化測驗而有變化,及其家庭社經背景、學校所在的都市發展程度、性別是否造成此差異程度不同,並探討電腦化問題解決與探究能力測驗之表現型態。研究結果顯示,對臺灣學生而言,相同試題由紙筆測驗轉變為電腦化測驗後,平均答對率顯著降低;電腦化測驗表現並未因學生背景特性而呈現數位落差;高家庭社經背景或都會區學校學生在電腦化問題解決與探究能力表現較一般題型差。本研究並據此結果提出教育政策與未來研究建議。
陳冠銘、許添明、任宗浩- 周一銘、白明弘、林慶隆
- 周一銘、陳虹均